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Out of the box, you can make a custom block and put there text and images in. Not very practical, but you don't need a CMS for a single page website.
As there are many types of websites, the content type is also very different and so are the modules needed.
You can get inspiration of the (older)
module packs for some examples of website types or by looking at sites in the
YAXS section, where you see which modules are common use.
Check out what the latest version is by visiting the developers' site or searching this site. Also the
Resource book may help to find the module you need.
Nearly all modules are safe to use. Older modules may no longer be compatible with the current PHP and MySQL versions or server settings.
The modules are written by people that had the need for a certain kind of functionality or used them in their website projects.
Install a web server on your local PC as eg XAMPP and then you can experiment with various modules, putting them to test without disturbing your website and have the best idea of its functions, look and feel.