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no, you would have to use something similar to phpMyAdmin, most hosts have that in the Control Panel
xoops doesn't use a flat-file database (that would be the only way to use a filemanager to view the database, to my knowledge, unless you dumped the sql data to a file.. lol)
best suggestion i have is to find a phpMyAdmin module for XOOPS (thought i saw one awhile back.. search for it in the search block in the upper right of this site), the module should allow you to view the xoops_bb_posts database table