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here is the code that I have tested with xoops 2.5.9 RC1 and the xbootstrap theme.
I tested it now only with the leftblocks but it will work will all blocks.
open themes/xbootstrap/tpl/leftBlock.tpl and change your code of the block to this
<{if $xoBlocks.canvas_left}>
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3 xoops-side-blocks">
<{foreach item=block from=$xoBlocks.canvas_left}>
<aside <{if $block.title && strpos($block.title, '|') != false }> class="<{$block.title|substr:0:8}>" <{/if}>>
<{if $block.title}><h4 class="block-title"><{if strpos($block.title, '|') != false }><{$block.title|substr:9}><{else}><{$block.title}><{/if}></h4><{/if}>
<{$block.content}>
</aside>
<{/foreach}>
</div>
<{/if}>
short explanation what I am doing here.
The new css class will always have 8 characters, like block-01.
In the aside-tag I am checking if the title has a | in it, and if so I will take the part before | as my class.
In the title of the block I again need to check if the title has a | in it, and if so I will only display the text behind | as my title, else it will display the complete title
then I define some css classes in my theme.html (you can also define them in the style.css)
.block-01{background: #5CB85C;}
.block-02{background: #C3C3C3;}
.block-03{background: #333333;}
Now when you want to change the style of a block you need only to name the block like the class
For examle if you wan to change the main menu block you will name it "block-01|Main Menu"
I hope you understand everything here