3
It's somewhat dependent on the theme. The way the system is designed OOB, when a person is logged off there is a login block on the pages and they can login. Once logged in, there is a User Menu block which shows the logoff link. Many themes have incorporated code which checks to see if the user is logged in or not and shows either login area or logoff depending (and then turn off the login block), and that code is readily available here on this site and so themes that don't have that can have it easily added.