If I mistake the login I am sent to the page of the password recovery. From this page if I insert the user and the password name corrected I am sent to the page of the profile. How can I instead load the page of the News?

Xoops always keeps a re-direct link for user logins, so it will direct user back to where he/she starts from. Once you were to log in from user.php page because you had supplied wrong user/password combo, you would be re-directed back to user.php page which would show your profile.

Unless you modify user.php or /include/checklogin.php file, there is not much you can do about it. If you were to make changes, then you would lost XOOPS re-direct feature.

Little TIP:
But if in the future you were to be directed to user.php for re-login because of wrong password, click your browswer's back botton and re-login with your correct password. This way you would be re-directed back to where you started from.

I have added the beginning of the USERINFO.PHP file the instruction:

if ($uid = 2) {
redirect_header('index.php', 0);
exit();
}
forcing the system to send me to the INDEX.PHP primitive but effective solution.
I know the PHP language little and he anchors less the XOOPS structure. Does someone know a more elegant solution?

You can take a look at this
http://xoops-tips.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=28

As I have mentioned, you will be effectively removing the Xoops' redirect feature. That may not be desireable to other users - if someone is browsing Newbb, he or she would like to be directed back to Newbb for posting, not the directory you have specified. So take your pick.