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Try setting your top page to 'none', that will separate your news page from your home page.
If you make the 'recent news' block appear on your top page, that will give you the headlines only on your home page.
When you enter or edit news stories in news administration, you get two boxes - one for the 'intro text' and the other for 'extended text' (the full story). If you use both the boxes you then your news page should work pretty much the way you want - a list of short summaries, which link to full stories when you click.